Factors Influencing the Accuracy of Shallow Snow Depth Measured Using UAV-Based Photogrammetry

نویسندگان

چکیده

Factors influencing the accuracy of UAV-photogrammetry-based snow depth distribution maps were investigated. First, UAV-based surveys performed on 0.04 km2 snow-covered study site in South Korea for 37 times over period 13 days under 16 prescribed conditions composed various photographing times, flight altitudes, and photograph overlap ratios. Then, multi-temporal Digital Surface Models (DSMs) area covered with shallow obtained using digital photogrammetric techniques. Next, created by subtracting snow-free DSM from DSMs area. these UAV-Photogrammetry-based compared to situ measurements at 21 locations. The each quantified terms bias (median residuals, QΔD) precision (the Normalized Median Absolute Deviation, NMAD). Lastly, factors performance metrics results are as follows: (1) QΔD NMAD eight optimal condition (50 m altitude 80% ratio) ranged −2.30 cm 5.90 1.78 4.89 cm, respectively. best survey case had NMAD; (2) Lower UAV greater lower QΔD; (3) Greater number Ground Control Points (GCPs) lowers (4) Spatial configuration GCP coordinates influenced map; (5) tie-points leads higher accuracy; (6) Smooth fresh cover did not provide many tie-points, either resulting a significant error or making entire photogrammetry process impossible.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Remote Sensing

سال: 2021

ISSN: ['2315-4632', '2315-4675']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040828